Karl Marx: The main architect of this theory, Marx emphasized the struggles between different social classes.According to this theory, our social institutions, like government and education, often mirror and even enhance these inequalities (Marx, 1867 Giddens, 2009). It’s like a game where everyone’s vying for limited prizes – food, housing, jobs, education, and even leisure time. This approach, originating from Karl Marx in 1867, views society through the lens of competition and inequality. Imagine society as a battlefield, where groups fight over valuable resources like money, power, and opportunities. Go to top Exploring Conflict Theory: The Battle for Resources in Society What is Conflict Theory? Critics also point out that sometimes dysfunctions (negative outcomes) persist, which doesn’t fit neatly into the functionalist view. It’s also been said to be somewhat circular, assuming that if a social institution exists, it must have a function, even when it doesn’t seem to. Like, while you’re in college, you might make lifelong friends or find hobbies that become important to you.ĭespite its insights, some criticize Functionalism for not explaining social changes well. Latent functions: These are the unexpected results.For example, the manifest function of going to college is to learn and prepare for a career. Manifest functions: The expected or intended results of a social process.Robert Merton: He explored how different social processes serve multiple roles. ![]()
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